Published: 17.02.2025
Full Issue
Articles
Metaverse «History of the Earth» – a New Look at the Popularization of Geological Knowledge
The work is devoted to the design of the concept of the metaverse, as a new look at the methods of popularizing scientific knowledge through user interaction with the virtual environment. The features of the construction of metaverses and the technological solutions necessary for its implementation are considered.
Scientific Co-Authorship in Russian Mathematics in 2000–2020: A Study Based on the Example of Famous Russian Journals
Scientific co-authorship is a direct reflection of scientific collaboration. There is empirical evidence of the value of co-authorship, for example, articles with a large number of authors tend to be cited more often, which is important for calculating various indexes. Many foreign studies show an increase in co-authorship both in general and in various scientific disciplines, however, it is quite difficult to judge the situation with co-authorship of Russian scientists based on research according to Web of Science or Scopus for a number of reasons. According to the portal Math-Net.Ru some issues of co-authorship in the field of mathematical and computer sciences in Russia are investigated. In particular, it shows a small but steady increase in the average number of co-authors per publication and an increase in the number of articles co-authored over the years 2000-2020.
New Method of Description of Eddy-Covariance Ecologic Data
In this paper, the authors propose the foundations of an original theory of quasi-reproducible experiments (QRE) based on the testable hypothesis that there exists an essential correlation (memory) between successive measurements. Based on this hypothesis, which the authors define for brevity as the verified partial correlation principle (VPCP), it can be proved that there exists a universal fitting function (UFF) for quasi-reproducible (QR) measurements. In other words, there is some common platform or "bridge" on which, figuratively speaking, a true theory (claiming to describe data from first principles or verifiable models) and an experiment offering this theory for verification measured data, maximally "cleaned" from the influence of uncontrollable factors and apparatus/software function, meet. Actually, the proposed theory gives a potential researcher the method of purification of initial data and finally suggests the curve that periodic and cleaned from a set of uncontrollable factors. The final curve corresponds to an ideal experiment.
The proposed theory has been tested on eddy covariance ecologic data related to the content of CH4, CO2 and water vapors of H2O in the local atmosphere where the corresponding detectors for measuring of the desired gases content are located.
For these tested eddy covariance data associated with the presence in atmosphere two gases CH4, CO2 and H2O vapors there is no simple hypothesis containing a minimal number of the fitting parameters, and, therefore, the fitting function that follows from this theory can serve as the only and reliable quantitative description of this kind of data belonging to the tested complex system. We should note also that the final fitting function removed from uncontrollable factors becomes pure periodic and corresponds to an ideal experiment. Applications of this theory to practical applications, the place of this theory among other alternative approaches, (especially touching the professional interests of ecologists) and its further development are discussed in the paper.
The paper examines the phenomenon of joint creativity of several authors, and provides examples from various fields of activity. The main attention is paid to information technologies: inventions made at the end of the 20th century are analyzed. Their authors are pairs of outstanding specialists who combined the talents of a programmer and a manager. They determined the further development of the IT industry and radically changed the quality of mankind’s way of life. The stories of the emergence of famous computers, operating systems, the World Wide Web, and network navigation tools are briefly described.
Support System for the Selection of Information Sources in Citation Networks
With the advent of network science, it has become possible to explore complex network systems, including social and information networks, by presenting them as graph models. The exponential growth of the total volume of scientific publications determines the relevance of the tasks of analyzing their interrelations. In network science, models and methods related to the field of so-called citation networks are being developed to solve these problems. However, network metrics are not used when analyzing publications in citation databases. The paper considers the issues of creating a decision support system for the selection of information sources based on data on the citation of scientific publications. A software package has been developed for making decisions on determining an important publication in a certain thematic area. The software package is based on a method of ranking publications by importance based on the analysis of citation networks, which allows you to identify publications that do not clearly stand out when ranking based on known bibliometric indicators or known measures of centrality of nodes in their pure form. A study and comparative analysis of software for visualization and research of all types of graphs and social networks has been conducted. Studies have been carried out confirming the effectiveness of the proposed decision support system in the selection of information sources.
Two Heads are Better
The paper examines the phenomenon of joint creativity of several authors, and provides examples from various fields of activity. The main attention is paid to information technologies: inventions made at the end of the 20th century are analyzed. Their authors are pairs of outstanding specialists who combined the talents of a programmer and a manager. They determined the further development of the IT industry and radically changed the quality of mankind’s way of life. The stories of the emergence of famous computers, operating systems, the World Wide Web, and network navigation tools are briefly described.
Available Internet: From the WAI Initiative to Russian Practice
For many years, the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) has been promoting the WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative) project, the main slogan of which is formulated as "Making the Web accessible". As part of the WAI initiative, WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) are being developed to help website developers take into account the needs of people with disabilities. GOST R 52872-2019 has been developed in the Russian Federation, based on WCAG recommendations. Some provisions of GOST R 52872-2019 are presented in this paper.
Law № 181-FZ on the social protection of persons with disabilities, which has been in force since 1995, establishes a norm according to which developers of information resources must create conditions for people with disabilities to freely use communications and information. The general provisions of Law № 181-FZ are implemented in the directive documents of relevant departments. The paper considers the provisions of the order of the Ministry of Finance of 2023, which determine the procedure for presenting information on the websites of organizations in a form convenient for people with vision and hearing problems. The provisions of the above-mentioned order of the Ministry of Finance encourage developers of websites of organizations subordinate to government bodies in the Russian Federation at various levels to ensure sufficient text contrast, adhere to adaptive design, equip non-text objects with a text layer or comments, simplifying the work of people with disabilities on the Internet and contributing to the development of artificial intelligence tools.
Creating Pseudowords Generator and Classifier of Their Similarity with Words from Russian Dictionary using Machine Learning
In this article, a pseudoword is defined as a unit of speech or text that appears to be a real word in Russian but actually has no meaning. A real or natural word is a unit of speech or text that has an interpretation and is presented in a dictionary. The paper presents two models for working with the Russian language: a generator that creates pseudowords that resemble real words, and a classifier that evaluates the degree of similarity between the entered sequence of characters and real words. The classifier is used to evaluate the results of the generator. Both models are based on recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory layers and are trained on a dataset of Russian nouns. As a result of the research, a file was created containing a list of pseudowords generated by the generator model. These words were then evaluated by the classifier to filter out those that were not similar enough to real words. The generated pseudowords have potential applications in tasks such as name and branding creation, layout design, art, crafting creative works, and linguistic studies for exploring language structure and words.
Using Decision Support Systems in Automation of Decision–Making Processes
The increasing complexity of decision–making pushes organizations to automate this process. One of the key elements of this is decision support systems. This paper examines their theoretical and practical aspects. The formulated definition, as well as the provided list of the main attributes and functions of systems of this type, made it possible to identify one of the most promising areas in the use of artificial intelligence in this area – multi-agent systems.
The conducted analysis of current decision support systems showed the main competitive advantages, common weaknesses of many of them, as well as the importance of developing a domestic intelligent decision support system.