Abstract: Ancient Egyptians represented each fraction as a sum of unit fractions, i.e., fractions of the type 1/n. In our previous papers, we explained that this representation makes perfect sense: e.g., it leads to an efficient way of dividing loaves of bread between people. However, one thing remained unclear: why, when representing fractions of the type 2/(2k+1), Egyptians did not use a natural representation 1/(2k+1)+1/(2k+1), but used a much more complicated representation instead. In this paper, we show that the need for such a complicated representation can be explained if we take into account that instead of cutting a rectangular-shaped loaf in one direction – as we considered earlier – we can simultaneously cut it in two orthogonal directions. For example, to cut a loaf into 6 pieces, we can cut in 2 pieces in one direction and in 3 pieces in another direction. Together, these cuts will divide the original loaf into 2 * 3 = 6 pieces. It is known that Egyptian fractions are an exciting topics for kids, helping them better understand fractions. In view of this fact, we plan to use our new explanation to further enhance this understanding.

Abstract: The system for automated parallelization SAPFOR (System FOR Automated Parallelization) includes tools for program analysis and transformation. The main goal of the system is to reduce the complexity of program parallelization. SAPFOR system is focused on the investigation of multilingual applications in Fortran and C programming languages. The low-level LLVM IR representation is used in SAPFOR for program analysis. This representation allows us to perform various IR-level optimizations to improve the quality of program analysis. At the same time, it loses some features of the program, which are available in its higher level representation. One of these features is the multi-dimensional structure of the arrays. Data dependence analysis is one of the main problems which should be solved to automate program parallelization. Moreover, such an analysis belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. Knowledge of the multidimensional structure of arrays allows in many cases to take into account the structure of index expressions in calls to arrays and reduce the complexity of the analysis. In addition, the use of multi-dimensional arrays allows us to use multi-dimensional processor matrix and to parallelize a whole loop nests, rather than a single loop in the nest. So, parallelism of a program is going to be increased. These opportunities are natively supported in the DVM system. This paper discusses the approach used in the SAPFOR system to recover the form of multi-dimensional arrays by their linearized representation in LLVM IR. The proposed approach has been successfully evaluated on various applications including performance tests from the NAS Parallel Benchmarks suite.

Abstract:

Interdisciplinary thematic projects implemented by means of the electronic library "Scientific heritage of Russia" allow integrating objects of various nature (printed publications, archival documents, multimedia objects) into a single thematic resource and making it accessible to users. The approaches to the formation of interdisciplinary thematic collections in the digital space of scientific knowledge are investigated. Algorithms for the formation and presentation of a digital interdisciplinary collection are presented. The method of creation and presentation of virtual collections in the information environment of the electronic library "Scientific heritage of Russia". The main types of sections present in most projects are indicated. The main stages of the formation of an interdisciplinary collection in the digital space of knowledge have been formed and described, including the composition of the collection sections, sources for presenting collection materials, dispatching work with sources, the formation of metadata, the main types of sections, etc. An example of the application of the content formation methodology for creating an interdisciplinary collection is given.

Abstract:

The paper presents a comparative analysis of methods for representing three-dimensional objects to perform real-time Boolean operations in the Unity game engine environment. Four main approaches are considered: polygonal representation based on constructive solid geometry (CSG), sign distance functions (SDF), voxel methods and CAD-systems with boundary representation (B-Rep) and NURBS-surfaces.

An experimental study of the performance of polygonal algorithms of Boolean operations and SDF functions based on ray marching implementation is carried out. It is revealed that polygonal methods are characterized by high initial system construction costs, but provide stable performance during long operations and preservation of transformation results. SDF functions demonstrate high speed of operations and flexibility in creating smooth transitions between objects, but are limited in application for long-term tasks due to the peculiarities of the computational model.

The areas of effective application of each approach are identified: polygonal methods are recommended for tasks requiring precise geometric control and integration with traditional graphics pipelines, while SDF functions are optimal for procedural generation, multilayer material rendering and creation of dynamic visual effects. The results of the study can be used in the development of interactive simulators, game applications and virtual reality systems.

Abstract:

Ranking of scientific conferences plays a key role in the academic world, determining the level of significance and prestige of each event. The main results of ranking from the point of view of personalities are: determining the quality and influence of the scientific conference; a guide for selecting conferences; encouragement to conduct quality research; formation of the scientific community; improving the visibility and influence of the conference on the scientific community. The paper provides an overview of currently existing conference catalogs and conference ranking systems, both automatically and with the participation of expert councils. It is noted that the purpose of creating national ranking systems is to promote and popularize domestic conferences and journals. Based on the review of currently existing conference catalogs and conference ranking systems, the following criteria for ranking conferences can be formulated. Indicators of publication activity, based on the results of the analysis of published conference materials. The credibility of the speakers and the organizing committee of the conference. Number of presentations and the ratio of the number of presentations to the number of conference participants. Time for reviewing applications submitted to the conference. Ratio of submitted and accepted applications. Retrospective and geographical parameters.

Abstract:

The Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK) is a digital information environment aggregating heterogeneous information related to various aspects of scientific knowledge. One of the important functions of the CDSSK is to provide information for solving artificial intelligence problems, which makes it necessary to support data in a structure that complies with the rules of the semantic WEB. The features of the CDSSK are, on the one hand, the polythematics and heterogeneity of content elements, on the other hand, the high dynamics of the emergence of new types of objects and connections between them, which is due to the specifics of the development of science. At the same time, it should be possible to navigate through heterogeneous space resources using semantic links between them. The possibilities of the CDSSK are largely determined by the structure of the ontology of space, the model of which is proposed in this paper. Within the framework of the model, the hierarchical structuring of the CDSSK ontology is carried out; such elements as "subspace", "class of objects", "object", "attributes of an object", three types of pairwise relations of objects or attributes (universal, quasi-universal and specific) are distinguished and defined. The structure of each elements type is determined by a "reference book" of a unified type; specific values of attributes and relationships are contained in dictionaries of a unified structure. A class of "Formats" objects describing the rules for the formation of attributes and values of relationships is allocated. The formalization of CDSSK reference books and dictionaries representations is proposed. The proposed model allows you to simply add new types of objects, of their pairwise relationships and attributes to the space, as needed.

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the typology of the main variants of video lectures (https://vimeo.com/showcase/6184718), which differ in didactic value and laboriousness of creation. For each option of video lectures, the key conditions for effective formation and use are determined. Particular attention is paid to the optimization of hardware for the creation of various options for video lectures in full-time and distance learning.

As a basic option, a video recording of a PowerPoint presentation with speech and graphic comments on the slides is considered. The screen (electronic board) videorecording on the left with the lecturer in profile, named ad standard profile version, is recommended for use when there is a shortage of space in the classroom. In the presence of a video camera with optics that ensure the preservation of the detail of images of visual materials, the preferred option for video lecture is a standard frontal one, filmed from the far end of the audience. Didactically optimized editing of video lectures allows you to combine high-quality recording of visual materials of the basic version with mediocre video recordings of the teacher's actions.

Integrative versions of video lectures are created by overlaying the video recording of the teacher's actions over a specially designated invariant place in the design of the slides of the basic version of the video lecture. The options for adapting the design of PowerPoint presentations to form a basic and integrative version of video lectures are proposed. The highest ratio of "didactic quality / labor costs" is achieved when creating integrative video lectures directly in the process of face-to-face and distance teaching.

Abstract: The translation of the school system of knowledge into a formal language to create an ontology of school educational mathematics showed that there are gaps indicating significant shortcomings in the design of the contents of the geometry course. A study among students of N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of mathematics and mechanics of KFU to determine the quality of understanding of generic concepts, graphic representations of geometric figures, the results of which showed the relationship between the problems in the presentation of the content of the school course of Plane geometry and the quality of students' knowledge.

Abstract:

Analysis of various presentations for context free grammars provided with parser generators. A new description format of context free grammars is proposed. Given a representation of context free grammar in JSON format. The concept of a new parser generator based on JSON data format of describing context free grammars is presented. Described a parser generation scheme based on that concept.

Abstract:

Despite the development of technical means, the processes associated with the search for complete and accurate scientific information in a huge number of data sources are becoming more complicated. To reach a new level in the use of information processing technologies, first of all, a transition to a semantically meaningful representation is necessary for scientific knowledge extracted from information in a digital environment. In modern conditions, characterized by multidisciplinary research, the desired effect can be achieved by developing universal approaches to the storage and presentation of scientific knowledge. These approaches are reflected in the concept of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge. The paper presents an overview of the basic concepts in this area, which are used both to represent the elements of space and to provide access to them not only for humans, but also for software agents. Semantic libraries are considered as tools for constructing the knowledge space.

Abstract: The purpose of the article is the choice of presenting the results of a comparison of programming languages, convenient for assessing the expressive power of languages and the complexity of the implementation of programming systems. Forms of such a presentation should be adapted to substantiate practical criteria for program decomposition, which can be viewed as an approach to solving the problem of factorization of very sophisticated definitions of programming languages.
The relevance of choosing concise and quickly perceived forms is useful for working in the rapidly developing space of new problem-oriented programming languages. Along the way, you can show the distance in the conceptual complexity between programming and the development of programming systems.

Abstract: Exponential size growth of such graphs as social networks, Internet graphs, etc. requires new approaches to their visualization. Along with node-link diagram representations, adjacency matrices and various hybrid representations are increasingly used for large graphs visualizations. This survey discusses new approaches to the visualization of large graphs using adjacency matrices and gives examples of applications where these approaches are used. We describe various types of patterns arising when adjacency matrices corresponding to modern networks are ordered, and algorithms making it possible to reveal these patterns. In particular, the use of matrix ordering methods in conjunction with algorithms looking for such graph patterns as stars, false stars, chains, near-cliques, full cliques, bipartite cores and near-bipartite cores enable users to create understandable visualizations of graphs with millions of vertices and edges. Examples of hybrid visualizations using node-link diagrams for representing sparse parts of a graph and adjacency matrices for representing dense parts are also given. The hybrid methods are used to visualize co-authorship networks, deep neural networks, to compare networks of the human brain connectivity, etc.

Abstract: Since 2015, microcomputers have appeared in the information environment, which are a compact system unit with minimal functionality without peripherals. The article published the results of the analysis of the use of 6 different microcomputers in various fields of activity. The purpose of the study is to determine the limiting factors affecting the efficiency of the targeted use of microcomputers. It has been established that for scientific and educational presentations, office and trading activities, it is currently advisable to use fanless microcomputers with a perforated case and an internal WiFi antenna, at least 4 GB of operational and 64 GB of permanent memory, and a microSD (TF) memory card slot, at least 128 GB, NTFS file system), Intel HD Graphics, USB3.0 and HDMI interfaces. Based on comparative experiments, methodological recommendations were created on optimizing the configuration of the hardware-software environment of microcomputers in stationary and mobile conditions. The problems of major updates to Windows 10, as well as the compatibility of Microsoft Store software and third-party manufacturers, are analyzed. It is recommended to specialize individual microcomputers for working with 32-bit applications; accounting and cryptographic programs; as well as conducting presentations with their video. Options for optimal configuration of the Start menu of the Windows 10 desktop are suggested. It is concluded that specialization in the hardware-software configuration of modern microcomputers allows you to increase the efficiency of using single devices and their paired systems in accordance with BYOD (Bring Your Own Device).

Abstract: Presentations patterns used in android application development are analyzed. Pros and cons of implementation of presentation patterns with android framework requirements are described. The idea of an architectural framework for android development is proposed.

Abstract: The problem of representation of mathematical subject domains in digital libraries and usefulness of these resources for experts is discussed. The option of representation of mathematical subject domains on the Internet is given. As information model for unit of record article of the thesaurus is chosen. Implementation of the scheme is shown on the example of the partial differential equations. Approach to the organization of information space of the author is offered, using the thesaurus by the addressee. On the basis of descriptions of subject domains of individuals creation of ontology of scientific cross-disciplinary community is supposed what, according to authors, will allow not to lose new result or opening in science, to observe priorities of authors, to build in new knowledge the settled system of classical subject domains.

Abstract: A number of problems related to the construction of the metadata factory of the digital mathematical library Lobachevskii-DML have been solved. By metadata factory we mean a system of interconnected software tools aimed at creating, processing, storing and managing metadata of digital library objects and allowing integrating created electronic collections into aggregating digital scientific libraries. In order to select the optimal such software tools from existing ones and their modernization:we discussed the features of the presentation of the metadata of documents of various electronic collections related both to the formats used and to changes in the composition and completeness of the set of metadata throughout the entire publication of the corresponding scientific journal;we presented and characterized software tools for managing scientific content and methods for organizing automated integration of repositories of mathematical documents with other information systems;we discussed such an important function of the digital library metadata factory as the normalization of metadata in accordance with the formats of other aggregating libraries.As a result of the development of the metadata factory of the digital mathematical library Lobachevskii-DML, we proposed a system of services for the automated generation of metadata for electronic mathematical collections; we have developed an xml metadata presentation language based on the Journal Archiving and Interchange Tag Suite (NISO JATS); we have created software tools for normalizing metadata of electronic collections of scientific documents in formats developed by international organizations – aggregators of resources in mathematics and Computer Science; we have developed an algorithm for converting metadata to oai_dc format and generating the archive structure for import into DSpace digital storage; we have proposed and implemented methods for integrating electronic mathematical collections of Kazan University into domestic and foreign digital mathematical libraries.

Abstract: International Virtual Observatory (IVO) is a collection of integrated astronomical data archives and software tools that utilize computer networks to create an environment in which research can be conducted. Several countries have initiated national virtual observatory programs that will combine existing databases from ground-based and orbiting observatories and make them easily accessible to researchers. As a result, data from all the world's major observatories will be available to all users and to the public. This is significant not only because of the immense volume of astronomical data but also because the data on stars and galaxies have been compiled from observations in a variety of wavelengths: optical, radio, infrared, gamma ray, X-ray and more. Each wavelength can provide different information about a celestial event or object, but also requires a special expertise to interpret. In a virtual observatory environment, all of this data is integrated so that it can be synthesized and used in a given study. The International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA) represents 17 international projects working in coordination to realize the essential technologies and interoperability standards necessary to create a new research infrastructure. Russian Virtual Observatory is one of the founders and important members of the IVOA. The International Virtual Observatory project was launched about ten years ago, and major IVO achievements in science and technology in recent years are discussed in this presentation. Standards for accessing large astronomical data sets were developed. Such data sets can accommodate the full range of wavelengths and observational techniques for all types of astronomical data: catalogues, images, spectra and time series. The described standards include standards for metadata, data formats, query language, etc. Services for the federation of massive, distributed data sets, regardless of the wavelength, resolution and type of data were developed. Effective mechanisms for publishing huge data sets and data products, as well as data analysis toolkits and services are provided. The services include source extraction, parameter measurements and classification from data bases, data mining from image, spectra and catalogue domains, multivariate statistical tools and multidimensional visualization techniques. Development of prototype VO services and capabilities implemented within the existing data centers, surveys and observatories are also discussed. We show that the VO has evolved beyond the demonstration level to become a real research tool. Scientific results based on end-to-end use of VO tools are discussed in the presentation.

Abstract: The paper is presents approaches to solving the problem of creating realistic interactive 3D web-collections of museum exhibits. The presentation of 3D-models of objects based on oriented polygonal structures is considered. The method of creating a virtual collection of 3D-models using interactive animation technology is described. It is also shown how a full-fledged 3D-model is constructed on the basis of individual exposure frames using photogrammetry methods. The paper assesses the computational complexity of constructing realistic 3D-models. For the creation of 3D-models in order to provide them to a wide range of users via the Internet, the so-called interactive animation technology is used. The paper presents the differences between the representations of full-fledged 3D-models and 3D-models presented in the form of interactive multiplication. The technology of creating 3D-models of objects from the funds of the State Biological Museum named K.A Timiryazev and the formation on their basis of the digital library “Scientific Heritage of Russia” of a virtual exhibition dedicated to the scientific activities of M.M. Gerasimov and his anthropological reconstructions, and vividly demonstrating the possibility of integrating information resources by means of an electronic library. The format of virtual exhibitions allows you to combine the resources of partners to provide a wide range of users with collections stored in museum, archival and library collections.

Abstract:

This paper examines the development of the SciLibRu library of scientific subject areas, as a continuation of the semantic description of scientific works from the library LibMeta project. This library is based on a conceptual data model, the structure and semantics of which are formed based on the principles of ontological modeling. This approach ensures a strict description of the subject area, formalization of the relationships between entities, and the possibility of further automated data analysis. The goal of the study is to develop and experimentally apply methods for structuring scientific journal data in LaTeX format for their integration into the library ontology and to support semantic search.

An algorithm for translating data represented by multiple files into XML format is proposed for integration into the library ontology. A vector search module based on embedding calculation using language models is implemented. Patterns in the distribution of embeddings and factors influencing the accuracy of search results ranking are identified. Testing of the two components is conducted.

The developed method forms the basis for automatically incorporating scientific journal data into the SciLibRu knowledge graph and creating training corpora for language models limited to scientific subject areas. The obtained results contribute to the development of journal knowledge graph navigation systems, recommendation engines, and intelligent search tools for Russian-language scientific texts.

Abstract: Universal access to the knowledge contained in the comprehensive printed record of mankind is a goal that can be achieved within a decade. With appropriate public policies and the development and deployment of standards, not addressed in this paper as they are the subject of a separate processes, most of this knowledge could be provided free at the point of use while increasing the return to copyright holders over the life of copyright protected publications. With proper attention to the representation of contextual knowledge in print images and the interchange of raw forms of this data, national governments can ensure the emergence of the first integrated and comprehensive resource representing the print literature of the world. Human creativity and capabilities will be unleashed without regard to barriers previously imposed by limited access to information, barriers that effectively kept everyone, no matter how privileged, from having full access to universal print heritage and supported dramatic differences between a very few who had significant access and the overwhelming majority that had virtually none.

Abstract:

The article draws attention to the problem of measuring the effect that programming solutions have on the programming productivity and performance, in educational programming and the correctness-saving program improvements. The results of some experiments concerning these questions are discussed. The hypothesis that  functional models can provide a metric scale capable of separating features of programming languages and systems from features of programs and programming solutions is proposed. The results of a preliminary demonstrative experiment in studying the dependence of the program productivity upon the opted compiler and, on the other hand, upon the representation of the programming solution in the opted programming languages are described. Analysis of these results leads to a method that can reveal such dependencies. The long experience in sifting educational and contest programs revealed some unnoticed aspects of this problem.

Abstract:

The presented web database on experimental homolytic bond dissociation energies in organic compounds is intended for use by a wide range of theoreticians and practitioners in free access. The paper provides a brief overview of the sources of the dissociation energies of bonds of organic molecules, which are calculated theoretically, measured experimentally and estimated from kinetic and thermochemical experimental data, their presentation in the Internet database. A web database on homolytic bond dissociation energies of organic compounds is presented. The reported bond dissociation energies are calculated from experimental kinetic and thermochemical data. Descriptions of experimental data sources, classes of organic compounds and calculation methods are given. The logical structure of the database and the description of the main fields of its tables are given. The main search form of the database interface is presented and an example of a search result for a specific organic compound is given. Bond dissociation energies are calculated at a temperature of 298.15 K, which is usually absent in most sources. The analogs of the present base are inferior to the latter in taking into account temperature correlations. Currently, work is underway to analyze and analyze the published data taking into account the entropy effects.

Abstract:

For support of adaptive training and educational analytics in the intellectual learning systems, it is necessary to collect, process data on progress of the student and his various individual characteristics. It can be realized by means of the student model. The analysis of approaches to modeling of the student has shown that application of several types of models is an optimal solution, considering requirements to the learning system. Three approaches were chosen and united into one model: overlay, Bayesian network, error model. Use of overlay model allows to build individual trajectories of student training. Bayesian networks realize competence-based approach in training. The model of mistakes keeps track of wrong knowledge of the student and helps the student to correct them at early stages. The student model uniting in itself these approaches is more suitable for realization of the personalized training, allows to keep track of progress of the student according to various characteristics and also gives the chance to easily submit the card of subjects, knowledge, competence of the student of various areas in the form of the count that is quite convenient and clear representation.

Abstract: В статье содержится обзор известных инструментов подготовки математических текстов, а также обсуждаются различные способы представления их в Веб: TeX/LaTeX, MathML, графические форматы. Рассмотрены основные функции и возможности данных инструментов, их достоинства и недостатки. Представлен обзор инструментов для конвертирования математических данных из формата TeX/LaTeX в MathML, из MathML в TeX/LaTeX, из формата содержательной разметки MathML в формат презентационной разметки MathML.

Abstract:

In our quest to advance medical AI, we demonstrate that a pre-trained and frozen Vision Transformer paired with a linear classifier can achieve highly competitive performance in endoscopic image classification. Our central contribution is a systematic, layer-wise analysis that identifies the source of the most powerful features, challenging the common heuristic of using only the final layer. We uncover a distinct "peak-before-the-end" phenomenon, where a late-intermediate layer offers a more generalizable representation for the downstream medical task. On the Kvasir and HyperKvasir benchmarks, our parameter-light approach not only achieves excellent accuracy but also drastically reduces computational overhead. This work provides a practical roadmap for efficiently leveraging the power of general foundation models in clinical environments.