Using Open Archives of Scaled Vertical Radiosonding Ionograms as Labeled Data for Training Machine Learning Models
Main Article Content
Abstract
The idea of using the available large arrays of ionogram processing results from vertical radiosonde of the ionosphere as training datasets for building predictive models using machine learning methods is put forward. The most common formats for saving the results of ionogram processing are considered, as well as some Internet resources with archives of freely available files of these formats. These datasets are used by us to build predictive models, including time series of critical frequencies of ionospheric layers. It is also possible to use some datasets of ionogram processing results to train models designed for automatic ionogram processing.
Article Details
References
URL: http://ipg.geospace.ru/publications/book-2008.pdf
2. Reinisch B., Sales G. Measuring Electrodynamics of the Ionosphere by Digital Ionosondes and Other Techniques. Scientific Report No. 3. 2001. URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA402979.pdf
3. Akimov V.F., Kalinin Ju.K. Vvedenie v proektirovanie ionosfernyh zagorizontnyh radiolokatorov / pod red. S.F. Boeva. M.: Tehnosfera, 2017. 492 s.
4. Fabrizio G. High Frequency Over-the-Horizon Radar: Fundamental Principles, Signal Processing, and Practical Applications. McGraw-Hill Education, 2013.
5. Schiriy A.O. Razrabotka i modelirovanie algoritmov avtomaticheskogo izmereniya harakteristik ionosfernyh korotkovolnovyh radiolinij: Avtoref. dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk: Spec. 05.12.04; Sankt-Peterburgskij gos. un-t telekommunikacij im. prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevicha. SPb., 2007. 19 s.
6. Schiriy A.O. Razvitie sredstv avtomatizacii nazemnogo radiozondirovaniya ionosfery // Fundamental'nye problemy radioelektronnogo priborostroeniya. 2014. №5. S. 170–173.
7. Schiriy A.O. Arhitektura programmnoj chasti apparatno-programmnogo kompleksa distancionnogo nazemnogo radiozondirovaniya ionosfery // Novye informacionnye tekhnologii v avtomatizirovannyh sistemah. 2015. №18. S. 144–152.
8. Schiriy A.O. Algoritmy i programmnoe obespechenie avtomatizacii processov izmerenij i obrabotki dannyh operativnoj diagnostiki ionosfery i ionosfernyh radiolinij // ZHurnal radioelektroniki. 2022. №10.
https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2022.10.4
9. Shiriy A.O. HF channel transmit function module measurement // Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering, APEDE-2002. 2002. Vol. 5. P. 365–369.
https://doi.org/10.1109/apede.2002.10449645
10. Dolgacheva S.A., Makarova L.N., Nikolaev A.V. Obrabotka ionogramm vysokoshirotnyh stancij vertikal'no-go zondirovanija s ispol'zovaniem nejronnyh setej: Es i F2 sloi // Physics of Auroral Phenomena. 2020. T. 43. № 1. S. 105–108.
11. Guo L., Xiong J. Multi-Scale Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Model for Ionogram Automatic Scaling // Radio Science. 2023. Vol. 58. No. 3. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007566
12. Lu Z., Hua C., Wei N., Feng J., Lou P., Liu W. Research on classification of vertical ionogram based on deep convolution neural network // Progress in Geophysics. 2022. Vol. 37. No. 5. P. 1834–1839. https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2022GG0073
13. Xiao Z., Wang J., Li J., Zhao B., Hu L., Liu L. Deep-learning for ionogram automatic scaling // Advances in Space Research. 2020. Vol. 66. No. 4. P. 942–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.05.009
14. De la Jara C., Olivares C. Ionospheric echo detection in digital ionograms using convolutional neural networks // Radio Science. 2021. Vol. 56. No. 8. P. 1–15.
15. Schiriy A.O. Ispol'zovanie nejronnyh setej dlja dal'nejshego razvitija programmnoj chasti apparatno-programmnyh kompleksov radiozondirovanija ionosfery // Jelektromagnitnye volny i jelektronnye sistemy. 2024, Tom 29, №5. S. 55–60.
https://doi.org/10.18127/j15604128-202405-08
16. Standard Archiving Output (SAO) Format. 2006. URL: https://ulcar.uml.edu/~iag/SAO-4.3.htm
17. Gamache R.R., Galkin I.A., Reinisch B.W. A Database Record Structure for Ionogram Data. University of Lowell Center for Atmospheric Research, UMLCAR 96-01, 1996.
18. Reinisch B.W., Galkin I.A. SAO.XML format specification v 5.0, Univ. of Mass. Lowell, Lowell. 2008. Available at http://ulcar.uml.edu/SAOXML.
19. Galkin I.A., Khmyrov G.M., Reinisch B.W., McElroy J. The SAOXML 5: New Format for Ionogram-Derived Data. Radio Sounding and Plasma Physics // AIP Conf. Proc. 2008. Vol. 974. P. 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2885025
20. Zhbankov G.A., Anishin M.M., Telegin V.A. Programmnyj kompleks «Viewer_DPS4» – instrument obrabotki i analiza dannyh ionozonda DPS-4 // Tehnika radiosvjazi. 2022. Vypusk 2 (53). S.53–65.
21. Schiriy A.O., Pisarenko A.A. Open Archives of Ground-Based Ionospheric Radiosounding Data by Shortwave Signals // Russian Digital Library Journal. 2023. T. 25. №6. P. 992–1005.
22. USA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Data Services. URL: ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/
23. Australian Government – Bureau of Meteorology, Space Weather Services. Ionospheric data archive. URL: https://downloads.sws.bom.gov.au/wdc/wdc_ion_archive/
24. Australian Government – Bureau of Meteorology, Space Weather Services. Ionogram Data Format. Clean ionogram data format. URL: https://www.sws.bom.gov.au/World_Data_Centre/2/8/3

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Presenting an article for publication in the Russian Digital Libraries Journal (RDLJ), the authors automatically give consent to grant a limited license to use the materials of the Kazan (Volga) Federal University (KFU) (of course, only if the article is accepted for publication). This means that KFU has the right to publish an article in the next issue of the journal (on the website or in printed form), as well as to reprint this article in the archives of RDLJ CDs or to include in a particular information system or database, produced by KFU.
All copyrighted materials are placed in RDLJ with the consent of the authors. In the event that any of the authors have objected to its publication of materials on this site, the material can be removed, subject to notification to the Editor in writing.
Documents published in RDLJ are protected by copyright and all rights are reserved by the authors. Authors independently monitor compliance with their rights to reproduce or translate their papers published in the journal. If the material is published in RDLJ, reprinted with permission by another publisher or translated into another language, a reference to the original publication.
By submitting an article for publication in RDLJ, authors should take into account that the publication on the Internet, on the one hand, provide unique opportunities for access to their content, but on the other hand, are a new form of information exchange in the global information society where authors and publishers is not always provided with protection against unauthorized copying or other use of materials protected by copyright.
RDLJ is copyrighted. When using materials from the log must indicate the URL: index.phtml page = elbib / rus / journal?. Any change, addition or editing of the author's text are not allowed. Copying individual fragments of articles from the journal is allowed for distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon article, even commercially, as long as they credit that article for the original creation.
Request for the right to reproduce or use any of the materials published in RDLJ should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief A.M. Elizarov at the following address: amelizarov@gmail.com.
The publishers of RDLJ is not responsible for the view, set out in the published opinion articles.
We suggest the authors of articles downloaded from this page, sign it and send it to the journal publisher's address by e-mail scan copyright agreements on the transfer of non-exclusive rights to use the work.