Abstract: The productive status of errors is discussed in Mexico and the US mathematics education reforms. However, teachers’ positionings toward mistakes may or may not converge with this productive status. For that reason, reflecting on teachers’ positioning during the teaching and learning process is crucial (Stooksberry et al., 2009). This study examines teachers’ positional framing during teacher and students’ moment-to-moment interaction in the context of errors occurring in the classroom. Findings reveled two opposite error frames that teachers used to address errors in their classrooms. One of these frames provided student support for using errors as tools for their learning. On the contrary, the other provided an idea of student incapacity to cope with errors.

Abstract:

The Virtual Reality Trainer for the Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Disease and Associated Malformations project addresses the need to improve specialized training in prenatal diagnosis through immersive technologies. Its theoretical module, “My Friend the Lung”, gamifies learning about fetal cardiovascular anatomy through 3D puzzles, timed challenges, and badges, achieving good results in its pilot test, is noteworthy. The practical module simulates ultrasounds with haptic devices, reducing diagnostic errors and enabling the generation of personalized ultrasounds. A database with 1,200 labeled studies was consolidated as a fundamental source of information. The implementation aims to initially reduce clinical errors, with the potential to decrease perinatal mortality. This project fuses technological innovation, medical rigor, and interactive pedagogy, positioning gamification as an essential tool in medical education and laying the groundwork for its expansion to other specialties.

Abstract:

This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of optimizing the operability and improving the efficiency of complex multifunctional software systems using the example of free automated library and information systems (hereinafter - ALIS).

By 2023, the world has accumulated valuable experience in the creation and operation of integrated ALIS of various scales and purposes, but the issues of improving their design solutions remain relevant. First of all, this concerns the need to optimize the structure of the source code in order to increase its readability and maintainability, reduce the execution time of individual functional modules, and reduce the amount of RAM used.

As part of the study, a comparative analysis of the source codes of several existing open source databases implemented in various programming languages was carried out. The main approaches to the design of the code structure were studied, the most frequently used algorithms and patterns were identified. To assess the degree of optimization of the source code, a set of indicators was developed, including an assessment of the structure, readability, modularity and other characteristics. On this basis, individual code fragments were compared before and after the use of well-known refactoring techniques.

As a result of the work carried out, it was possible to identify the most common errors and shortcomings in the structuring of the source codes of the ALIS, to determine the main directions of their optimization. Data has been obtained on the possible reduction of testing and technical support costs by improving the quality of source codes.

Abstract:

This paper presents the experience of verifying client implementations of the TLS cryptographic protocol version 1.3. TLS is a widely used cryptographic protocol today, designed to create secure data transmission channels. The protocol provides the necessary functionality for its tasks: confidentiality of transmitted data, data integrity, and authentication of the parties. In the new version 1.3 of the TLS architecture was significantly redesigned, eliminating a number of shortcomings of previous versions that were identified both during the development of implementations and during their operation. We used a new test suite for verifying client implementations of the TLS 1.3 for compliance with Internet specifications, developed on the basis of the RFC8446, using UniTESK technology and mutation testing methods. To test implementations for compliance with formal specifications, UniTESK technology is used, which provides testing automation tools based on the use of finite state machines. The states of the system under test define the states of the state machine, and the test effects are the transitions of this machine. When performing a transition, the specified impact is passed to the implementation under test, after which the implementation's reactions are recorded and a verdict is automatically made on the compliance of the observed behavior with the specification. Mutational testing methods are used to detect non-standard behavior of the system under test by transmitting incorrect data. Some changes are made to the protocol exchange flow created in accordance with the specification: either the values of the message fields formed on the basis of the developed protocol model are changed, or the order of messages in the exchange flow is changed. The protocol model allows one to make changes to the data flow at any stage of the network exchange, which allows the test scenario to pass through all the significant states of the protocol and in each such state to test the implementation in accordance with the specified program. The presented approach has proven effective in several of our projects when testing network protocols, providing detection of various deviations from the specification and other errors. The current work is part of the TLS 1.3 protocol verification project and covers TLS client implementations.

Abstract:

The tool for building ratings of scientific journals is one of the popular services of bibliographic databases. The task of building a rating is usually divided into two main subtasks: determining the reference group of journals and calculating the rating indicator for journals of this reference group. Practice shows that for the correct comparison of journals, a necessary condition is to limit the reference group to exclusively journals of a certain subject. In the case of methodological errors made at the stage of selecting a reference group, the values of the journal index in the rating may differ greatly from the expected ones.

For example, in the ranking of journals in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) according to the two-year impact factor in the thematic area “Mathematics”, classical fundamental mathematical journals, contrary to expectations, do not reach the first positions of the rating. The first positions were taken by journals for which mathematics is not the dominant profile discipline. Analysis of statistical data on the subject of published articles and citations in journals that occupy leading positions in the RSCI rating shows that the multidisciplinary nature of these journals significantly influenced the rating indicators.

The noted misunderstanding leads to the idea that in this case, not all the articles of the journal should have been involved in the calculation of the rating, but only those related to this thematic area. At the same time, the existing scheme of thematic classification of directions also raises questions. The "bottom-up" classification, which is gaining popularity and works on a representative array of articles, seems to be more promising. Here thematic clusters are isolated on the basis of the concept of proximity of articles, interpreted as the proximity of their bibliographic links. And further, the thematic affiliation of the article is not assigned by the volitional decision of the author or the editorial board, but is strictly formally calculated on the basis of its bibliographic list.

Abstract:

This paper presents the experience of verifying server implementations of the TLS cryptographic protocol version 1.3. TLS is a widely used cryptographic protocol designed to create secure data transmission channels and provides the necessary functionality for this: confidentiality of the transmitted data, data integrity, and authentication of the parties. The new version 1.3 of the TLS protocol was introduced in August 2018 and has a number of significant differences compared to the previous version 1.2. A number of TLS developers have already included support for the latest version in their implementations. These circumstances make it relevant to do research in the field of verification and security of the new TLS protocol implementations. We used a new test suite for verifying implementations of the TLS 1.3 for compliance with Internet specifications, developed on the basis of the RFC8446, using UniTESK technology and mutation testing methods. The current work is part of the TLS 1.3 protocol verification project and covers some of the additional functionality and optional protocol extensions. To test implementations for compliance with formal specifications, UniTESK technology is used, which provides testing automation tools based on the use of finite state machines. The states of the system under test define the states of the state machine, and the test effects are the transitions of this machine. When performing a transition, the specified impact is passed to the implementation under test, after which the implementation's reactions are recorded and a verdict is automatically made on the compliance of the observed behavior with the specification. Mutational testing methods are used to detect non-standard behavior of the system under test by transmitting incorrect data. Some changes are made to the protocol exchange flow created in accordance with the specification: either the values of the message fields formed on the basis of the developed protocol model are changed, or the order of messages in the exchange flow is changed. The protocol model allows one to make changes to the data flow at any stage of the network exchange, which allows the test scenario to pass through all the significant states of the protocol and in each such state to test the implementation in accordance with the specified program. So far, several implementations have been found to deviate from the specification. The presented approach has proven effective in several of our projects when testing network protocols, providing detection of various deviations from the specification and other errors.

Abstract:

In this study, we present a method for creating a synthetic dataset using the MetaHuman framework to optimize the skinning of 3D models. The research focuses on improving the quality of skeletal deformation (skinning) by leveraging a diverse array of high-fidelity virtual human models. Using MetaHuman, we generated an extensive dataset comprising dozens of virtual characters with varied anthropometric fea-tures and precisely defined skinning weight parameters. This data was used to train an algorithm that optimizes the distribution of skinning weights between bones and the character mesh.

The proposed approach automates the weight rigging process, significantly reducing manual effort for riggers and increasing the accuracy of deformations during animation. Experimental results show that leveraging synthetic data reduces skinning errors and produces smoother character movements compared to traditional methods. The outcomes have direct applications in the video game, animation, virtual reality, and simulation industries, where rapid and high-quality rigging of numerous characters is required. The method can be integrated into existing graphics engines and development pipelines (such as Unreal Engine or Unity) as a plugin or tool, facilitating the adoption of this technology in practical projects.

Abstract:

An alive publication is a new genre for presenting the results of scientific research, which means that scientific work is published online, and then constantly developing and improving by its author. Serious errors and typos are no longer fatal, nor do they haunt the author for the rest of his or her life. The reader of an alive publication knows that the author is constantly monitoring changes occurring in this branch of science. Meanwhile at present, the Russian author who supports an alive publication is dramatically losing out on many generally accepted bibliometric indicators. The alive publication encourages the development of the bibliography apparatus. Each bibliographic reference will soon have to contain such important for the reader updating on-the-fly attribute as date of the last revision of alive publication. It is to be expected that as the alive publication spreads over to the scientific world, the author's concern for the publication's evolution will become like a parent's care for the development of a child. The Internet will be filled with scientific publications that do not lose their relevance over time.

Abstract:

In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have been driven by advances in the development of large language models (LLMs) based on deep neural networks. At the same time, despite its substantial capabilities, LLMs have fundamental limitations such as spontaneous unreliability in facts and judgments; making simple errors that are dissonant with high competence in general; credulity, manifested by a willingness to accept a user's knowingly false claims as true; and lack of knowledge about events that have occurred after training has been completed.

Probably the key reason is that bioinspired intelligence learning occurs through the assimilation of implicit knowledge by an embodied form of intelligence to solve interactive real-world physical problems. Bioinspired studies of the nervous systems of organisms suggest that the cerebellum, which coordinates movement and maintains balance, is a prime candidate for uncovering methods for realizing embodied physical intelligence. Its simple repetitive structure and ability to control complex movements offer hope for the possibility of creating an analog to adaptive neural networks.

This paper explores the bioinspired architecture of the cerebellum as a form of analog computational networks capable of modeling complex real-world physical systems. As a simple example, a realization of embodied AI in the form of a multi-component model of an octopus tentacle is presented, demonstrating the potential in creating adaptive physical systems that learn and interact with the environment.