Abstract: The purpose of the article is the choice of presenting the results of a comparison of programming languages, convenient for assessing the expressive power of languages and the complexity of the implementation of programming systems. Forms of such a presentation should be adapted to substantiate practical criteria for program decomposition, which can be viewed as an approach to solving the problem of factorization of very sophisticated definitions of programming languages.
The relevance of choosing concise and quickly perceived forms is useful for working in the rapidly developing space of new problem-oriented programming languages. Along the way, you can show the distance in the conceptual complexity between programming and the development of programming systems.

Abstract: The report is devoted to the analysis of the method of comparison of programming languages, convenient for assessing the expressive power of languages and the complexity of the programming systems. The method is adapted to substantiate practical, objective criteria of program decomposition, which can be considered as an approach to solving the problem of factorization of very complicated definitions of programming languages and their support systems. The article presents the results of the analysis of the most well-known programming paradigms and outlines an approach to navigation in the modern expanding space of programming languages, based on the classification of paradigms on the peculiarities of problem statements and semantic characteristics of programming languages and systems with an emphasis on the criteria for the quality of programs and priorities in decision-making in their implementation.

Abstract:

This article focuses on developing forms for presenting the results of analyzing and comparing the characteristics of programming languages, systems, and paradigms. The proposed form is demonstrated through a comparison of the Lisp language, its most successful dialects (Scheme, Common Lisp, Racket, Clojure), and the functional programming paradigm across different levels of language and system definition. The form allows for a concise presentation of the inheritance of several features of the Lisp language and their evolution in its dialects, at the levels of concrete syntax, abstract semantics, and implementation pragmatics.