Abstract: The task of forming a digital space of scientific knowledge (DSSK) is analyzed in the paper. The difference of this concept from the general concept of the information space is considered. DSSK is presented as a set containing objects verified by the world scientific community. The form of a structured representation of the digital knowledge space is a semantic network, the basic organization principle of which is based on the classification system of objects and the subsequent construction of their hierarchy, in particular, according to the principle of inheritance. The classification of the objects that make up the content of the DSSK is introduced. A model of the central data collection system is proposed as a collection of disjoint sets containing digital images of real objects and their characteristics, which ensure the selection and visualization of objects in accordance with multi-aspect user requests. The concept of a user collection is defined, and a hierarchical classification of types of user collections is proposed. The use of the concepts of set theory in the construction of DSSK allows you to break down information into levels of detail and formalize the algorithms for processing user queries, which is illustrated by specific examples.

Abstract:

The article describes a Web-system developed by the authors that implements services related to the formation and provision of multifaceted information about the results of scientific activities (publications, copyright certificates and reports at scientific events) of employees of an organization or a group of organizations. The system is focused both on the end user interested in obtaining specific data, and on the administrative staff, who generates reporting materials for the parent organization. The information base of the system contains metadata on the following classes of objects: persons (authors), organizations and their subdivisions; publications at analytical, monographic and summary levels; copyright certificates; scientific events (conferences, symposia, seminars); reports. The system includes two modules – an administrative one (intended for entering and editing data) and a user one, which is a special search engine that searches for information, visualizes it, provides navigation among related resources and exports data. A distinctive feature of the system is the introduced concept of “equivalent” objects. Objects are considered equivalent if they are represented in the system by different metadata, but referring to the same physical entity. Such objects are “persons” corresponding to one author with different spellings of the surname in the bibliographic descriptions of publications; organizations with different variants of names; articles published unchanged in various languages. In accordance with modern requirements for reporting on publications, the system reflects the sources of research funding, as well as the affiliations indicated in the articles for each author.

Abstract:

The article describes a typical object-oriented WEB-system designed for storing and providing various reference and statistical data on the scientific works of employees of an institution (group of institutions), developed by specialists of the JSCC RAS. The system contains information about publications of employees and reports made by them at scientific conferences, symposiums, and seminars. The system is focused on working with objects belonged to classes connected between each other, such as "author", "organization", "publication", "report", "event". The metadata profile of objects of each class includes attributes that are necessary to get detailed information about both an individual object of this class and a group of objects associated with the specified attribute values of objects of other classes. For example, you have to get a list of articles by employees of a given organization published articles in a given journal for a given period of time. A distinctive feature of the system is the introduced concept of "equivalent" objects. Such objects are "persons" corresponding to the same author with different spellings of the last name in the bibliographic descriptions of publications; organizations with different versions of names; articles which are published without changes in different languages. This article describes in detail the features of the system, its user interface, and provides examples of performing specific queries.

Abstract:

Subject ontology in the context of this article is understood as a set of key concepts related to a certain field of science, with their semantic connections, supplemented by indexes of various classification systems describing this scientific field. Subject ontologies are a necessary component of each subspace that is part of the Unified digital space of scientific knowledge (DSSK). This article presents the results of research related to the construction of subject ontologies based on the created automated system for supporting terminological dictionaries and suggests a methodology for identifying new key terms in a particular field of science. The proposed methodology is based on the use of existing classification systems in conjunction with citation databases, such as Web of Science and Scopus for English–language publications and the Russian citation index for Russian-language publications. The methodology involves dividing the scientific field into a number of sections in accordance with the selected classification system, extracting from the CSB the core of articles related to each section, and from the articles - new author's keywords, which should constitute, in combination with the corresponding sections of classification systems, the basis of the subject ontologies of this scientific field.

Abstract:

The work is a development of research conducted by the authors in the field of creating a Common Digital Space for Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK). Previous research has proposed a unified structure for representing the ontology of CDSSK elements (subspaces, classes and attributes of objects, relationships between objects or attributes). In the process of modeling the ontology using the example of the universal and a number of thematic subspaces of the CDSSK, the need for some adjustments to the structure of the ontology regarding CDSSK directories was revealed to ensure the possibility of describing nested data attributes. In addition, the concept of “data attribute value dictionary type” was introduced into the ontology; two types of dictionaries were defined – “static” and “dynamic”. This information makes it possible to simplify formal-logical control algorithms when generating CDSSK content. An indication of the dictionary type has been introduced into the structure of object attribute directories. The presented work describes the modified structure of the ontology using the example of 11 auxiliaries and 10 subject classes of the CDSSK universal subspace (USS). Examples of directories of each class, built in accordance with the ontology structure model, a list of object attributes and examples of static dictionaries are given.

Abstract:

Despite the development of technical means, the processes associated with the search for complete and accurate scientific information in a huge number of data sources are becoming more complicated. To reach a new level in the use of information processing technologies, first of all, a transition to a semantically meaningful representation is necessary for scientific knowledge extracted from information in a digital environment. In modern conditions, characterized by multidisciplinary research, the desired effect can be achieved by developing universal approaches to the storage and presentation of scientific knowledge. These approaches are reflected in the concept of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge. The paper presents an overview of the basic concepts in this area, which are used both to represent the elements of space and to provide access to them not only for humans, but also for software agents. Semantic libraries are considered as tools for constructing the knowledge space.

Abstract:

The Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK) is a digital information environment aggregating heterogeneous information related to various aspects of scientific knowledge. One of the important functions of the CDSSK is to provide information for solving artificial intelligence problems, which makes it necessary to support data in a structure that complies with the rules of the semantic WEB. The features of the CDSSK are, on the one hand, the polythematics and heterogeneity of content elements, on the other hand, the high dynamics of the emergence of new types of objects and connections between them, which is due to the specifics of the development of science. At the same time, it should be possible to navigate through heterogeneous space resources using semantic links between them. The possibilities of the CDSSK are largely determined by the structure of the ontology of space, the model of which is proposed in this paper. Within the framework of the model, the hierarchical structuring of the CDSSK ontology is carried out; such elements as "subspace", "class of objects", "object", "attributes of an object", three types of pairwise relations of objects or attributes (universal, quasi-universal and specific) are distinguished and defined. The structure of each elements type is determined by a "reference book" of a unified type; specific values of attributes and relationships are contained in dictionaries of a unified structure. A class of "Formats" objects describing the rules for the formation of attributes and values of relationships is allocated. The formalization of CDSSK reference books and dictionaries representations is proposed. The proposed model allows you to simply add new types of objects, of their pairwise relationships and attributes to the space, as needed.

Abstract:

One of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK) main components are the subject ontologies of individual thematic subspaces, which include the basic concepts related to this scientific area. The constructing subject ontologies task at the initial phase requires the array of key terms formation in a given scientific are with the subsequent establishment of links between them. A similar task is in the encyclopedias formation in terms of the articles (slots) list generating that determines their content. One of the sources for the formation of the key terms array can be the metadata of articles published in the leading scientific journals. Namely, the author's key terms ("keywords" in the terminology of the journals editors) quoted by the article. To make a conclusion about the possibility of using this approach to the subject ontologies formation, it is necessary to conduct the author's key terms array preanalysis, both in terms of real correspondence to the main areas of research in this science branch and in terms of the distribution of the certain terms occurrence frequency. This article presents the results of the occurrence frequency analysis of the author's key terms in Russian and English, carried out on the software processing basis of several thousand articles from leading Russian journals in mathematics, computer science and physics, reflected in the MathNet database. An assessment was made of the distribution of key terms correspondence (as phrases) and individual words to the Bradford's law, and the key terms cores within the thematic direction were identified.

Abstract: The paper is presents approaches to solving the problem of creating realistic interactive 3D web-collections of museum exhibits. The presentation of 3D-models of objects based on oriented polygonal structures is considered. The method of creating a virtual collection of 3D-models using interactive animation technology is described. It is also shown how a full-fledged 3D-model is constructed on the basis of individual exposure frames using photogrammetry methods. The paper assesses the computational complexity of constructing realistic 3D-models. For the creation of 3D-models in order to provide them to a wide range of users via the Internet, the so-called interactive animation technology is used. The paper presents the differences between the representations of full-fledged 3D-models and 3D-models presented in the form of interactive multiplication. The technology of creating 3D-models of objects from the funds of the State Biological Museum named K.A Timiryazev and the formation on their basis of the digital library “Scientific Heritage of Russia” of a virtual exhibition dedicated to the scientific activities of M.M. Gerasimov and his anthropological reconstructions, and vividly demonstrating the possibility of integrating information resources by means of an electronic library. The format of virtual exhibitions allows you to combine the resources of partners to provide a wide range of users with collections stored in museum, archival and library collections.