Abstract: In the present paper we consider applications of Semantic Web technologies to electronic scientific collections. We describe approaches based on XML, RDF and other technologies of Semantic Web to managing electronic collections, and, in particular, to generating metadata, organization of data storage, and data search. These approaches have been used in the project ``Scientific Electronic Library: eLibrary.ru'' and in the electronic l «Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics» (http://ljm.ksu.ru).